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In the early 1980s, at CERN (European particle physics laboratory ddmf in Geneva) flow of energy 315 Gev protons and antiprotons collide, and two new particles called W and Z are created. Quarks and leptons that make up the internal structure of matter, but as the W and Z particles transmit forces between ddmf particles. The two particles that transmit the weak force decay of some radioactive elements. The discovery of the standard model particles, more particles, because the mass of the particle can be precisely predicted. Top quark is also expected that CERN will soon discover. Quark 1980 and finished his head no, but scientists began to understand that the mass of the particle ddmf is less than 77 GeV! CERN high-energy limit was reached. The particle ddmf beam accelerator could produce quarks ddmf are heavier than 77 GeV, so the competition was restricted to the Fermi National Laboratory, both the CDF and a new trial because of the position of the accelerator ring accelerator at the track, D0 (D Zero) was called. CDF and D0 both scientists over a decade and a giant complex instruments were made, each of which contains hundreds of electronic circuit was designed with one purpose and all of them were the trace quark. CDF detector has the ability to accurately determine the direction of each particle in a magnetic field and the momentum of the particle set But the machine is very sensitive and accurate is equipped D0 to be the power calorimeter hurtling of each Dialing up. If the quark and Padkvark created, almost at the same moment they decay. Unlike the bit up and down quarks are the particles are stable, are very unstable and has a half-life of only 10 -24 seconds, ie after the period ddmf of the Vapashydh Padkvark half of quarks ddmf and other particles, and they are converted. The standard model predicts that if the quark is heavy enough, almost always to a bottom quark and a W particle is Vapashydh. So if a quark pair and Padkvark the form, you have two particles W, a bottom ddmf quark and a bottom Padkvark production. Unfortunately, we can not directly ddmf see any of the bottom quark and W particles. When Quark is released in a collision, the other quarks and Padkvark cloud cover and do not let it be naked. What is seen, a jet, a beam of particles oriented in the same direction of the initial quark moves
Fermilab in August 1992 (August 1371) Top quark hunt began again. Scientists at the May 91 GeV Higgs mass is set too low. This was a big step. W particle interaction between quarks of the same generation that is created and hopefully head and bottom quarks are also part of that generation. If the quarks are light enough (ie lighter than 75 GeV) would decay of the W particle, the particle along a bottom Padkvark produce. But upon reaching the limit of 91 GeV, it was the only way you can find the Top quark, quark-pair creation Padkvark head.
Of the hundreds of billions of high energy collisions occurred in CDF, only 12 events were recorded in the quark-pair creation ddmf of appropriate conditions for the nomination had Padkvark head. The problem was that there were a variety of other physical processes that could produce the same symptoms as physicists have discovered were confident. After months of effort, they could estimate ddmf about 7/5 event area to produce the same symptoms. It is likely that only events on the event's 12 selections were 1Bh400. So there is still the possibility that the animals ddmf did not have any secret Cottage
Multi-year modernization and development of Fermi National Laboratory in their laboratory equipment. By optimizing the accelerator, ddmf the rate of quark production ddmf will be increased to twenty times before and by improving detection equipment, performance also improved the identification of quarks. The CDF and D0 both groups will be able to identify these particles to thirty times faster than before and better able to evaluate the properties of the particle.
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