[Fundamental Concepts of Physics [Particles] Quark (Quark) an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter Jazi. Quarks combine to composite particles called hadrons together (Hadron) provide for the proton and neutron logo are the most famous. [1] There are six different types of quarks, each of them a "taste" called. [2] [ ] What is a quark? logo More concrete objects logo in the world have ever known, such as atoms, molecules, crystals, rocks, stars, logo nebulae, planets, interstellar extinction and are made of protons and neutrons. For a long time it was believed that these particles logo (protons, neutrons and electrons) Particles of the world (universe) and can not be divided into smaller parts. As we believe logo there is still about electrons. The conversion of protons and neutrons together in atomic reactions and some advanced experiments in elementary particle accelerators, revealed that they are building smaller particles called "quarks (Quark) are made. It has six types of quarks are also various types are known and have been named with interesting names: up top down bottom the Charm Charm Wonderful Strange choice Down the bottom UP by no means certain. For quarks, in fact, not up and down and not the bottom! Both protons logo and neutrons are made of three quarks. Two up quarks and one down quark and two up quarks and one neutron comes down quarks make up a proton. Special glue is needed to hold quarks together. This is another particle tasks "gluon (Gluon) are known. Free quarks can not be isolated and found to be normal. Quark structure proton [ ] mass of quarks inside hadrons are quarks only. For strong action logo by the force (load-colored) are limited. So we can not isolate quarks their mass measured. In addition, the mass of the total kinetic energy and potential energy logo hadrons during strong action is obtained. Taste of mass (GeV / c2) electric charge (e) u top up 0, 004 3/2 + d low down 0, 008 3 / 1- c charm charm 1, 5 3/2 + s strange strange 15, 0 3 / 1- t the top 176 3/2 + b te bottom 7, 4 3 / 1- Hadrvnhayy that are made of light quarks, the total mass of the quarks risks Hadron, Hadron mass is greater. For example, the mass of the proton to the total mass of the top quark and a bottom quark (the constituents of protons) Compare. proton = down + up + up 0.938 0.008 0.004 0.004 So the question is, what is the order of the quark mass and how does it measure? Quark mass is considered as a quantity that is actually defined by the following equation: F = ma, m = F / a The equation for the force on an object that is clearly how it behaves. Equations of particle physics, including the calculation method when dealing with a high-energy photons, quarks, what will happen. Quark mass acceleration control agent against the force exerted logo on the quark. This method is stable and the best way to coordinate theory and experiment to the study of crime types and the behavior of quarks in hadrons high-energy experiments. In any case, none of these methods can determine the precise charge quarks. [ ] Notes Note 1: This article is written for the Encyclopedia logo Ariana logo BrshtŪ by Mehdizadeh cable. [ ] Appendices Appendix 1: Appendix 2: Appendix 3: Appendix 4: Appendix 5: Appendix 6: [ ] Notes [1] - Quark, Wikipedia [2] - quarks, electronic magazine, CD. Pi. H. (Repository: Research and Technology, Tehran University) [ ] References [ ] source [ ] References [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20]
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