The powerful shock wave of the Tunisian revolution has caused a wave of popular protests of varying

Behind "the" Arab world, differentiated companies and sovereign states coexist with their particular histories and their own interests, even contradictory. Beyond duality Maghreb / Mashreq (simplistic in many respects), lemonde Arabic is crossed by legal boundaries, territorial imbalances and disparities design (interstate and intrastate) extreme economic and social (sources of popular resentment against rich Gulf countries not playing the card of inter-Arab solidarity), contrasting political dynamics (besides the coexistence of republics and monarchies, regimes are destabilized by born in 2011 a popular breath), a accelerated demographic transition lines geopolitical and internal fractures (between tribes, communities, religious, linguistic). In addition, it is necessary to depart from the traditional binary approach to the Arab world: two faces, a Maghreb, the other Oriental, which reflect broadly the opposition "Maghreb (to the West) / Mashreq (the Levant)" . In fact, the Arab world is split into historico-cultural design and geopolitical subsets. Private real leadership or "flagship state," the Arab world is a multipolar world structured around design subsets more or less homogeneous and interdependent. The common linguistic heritage and cultural-historical does not exclude diversity, far from it.
The Arab world is a world of communities, cultures, religions. Significantly, the language gives a priori unit vector, is no exception to this pluralism. Not only literary Arabic is not mastered by all Arabs, but it is not the native language or spoken daily by them. Arabs expressed orally in Arabic dialect used in their respective companies (and more or less understood by other Arabs), which contributes to the enrichment of common cultural heritage. In other words, the uniqueness of the Arabic language (at least in writing) does not erase the various dialects or Arabic dialects. Moreover, the dichotomy between literary and colloquial Arabic is overtaken by the development of the use of a "mixed language" called "Arab median or average" (thanks to the media) design and provides a reconciliation of literary Arabic and dialects Arab, thus promoting "mutual understanding", in the words of Georgine Ayoub.
The powerful shock wave of the Tunisian revolution has caused a wave of popular protests of varying nature and intensity. Regimes of stability and exceptional longevity have fallen or are destabilized by protests, uprisings, insurrections, popular uprisings may switch into civil war. These "revivals" ("Sahwa") inaugurated the beginning of the XXI century has opened new perspectives for Arabs engaged in a complex historical process. The analysis of this dynamic remains delicate. The mapping is tempting. Thus, the successive fall of Ben Ali, Mubarak, design Gaddafi and Abdullah Saleh gives the impression of a "domino effect" whereby the autocratic regimes collapsed one after the other and enter into democracy. However, the mechanistic image of a "contagion" inexorable inherited movement that swept the communist regimes of Eastern Europe, is illusory. Between improvisation and lack of foresight, democratic disenchantment lurks people who took their destiny. The questioning of the established order has an economic and social cost: one side inflation and soaring unemployment, on the other, private investment (domestic and foreign) deterred by the social and political instability . This cost is particularly resented the popular uprisings design were partly motivated by a desire to improve living conditions. If the caution, the "Arab awakening" is a systemic failure. The Arab world is undergoing transformation, thanks to a dynamic both domestic and transnational led to the advent of a new paradigm. A point of no return has been reached in most societies of the Arab world. Deep shock that shook the Arab world continues design and deepens experience revolutionary replicas and against revolutionaries. The question of power is renewed in the Arab world faces the specter of authoritarian drift of new Islamist regimes. More prosaically, it's also the question of the renewal of the elite political, military, administrative, judicial and police being asked to new plans. If the "Arab awakening" confirms the complexity and diversity of territorial design cleavages, social, design religious structuring the Arab world, the essential meaning of this historical sequence is immaterial nature: the fall of the "wall of fear" (of